eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
239
246
10.22038/ijorl.2017.21685.1725
9217
Original
Is Decline Rate of Intact Parathyroid Hormone Level a Reliable Criterion for Early Discharge of Patients after Total Thyroidectomy?
Mohsen Kolahdouzan
kolahdouzan@med.mui.ac.ir
1
Shahab Shahabi Shahmiri
shshahabi@yahoo.com
2
Seyed Mozafar Hashemi
mozaffar_hashemi@med.mui.ac.ir
3
Behrouz Kaleydari
alagol83@yahoo.com
4
Masoud Nazem
m_nazem@med.mui.ac.ir
5
Rastin Mohammadi Mofrad
rmohammadim@gmal.com
6
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Introduction: Parathyroid dysfunction leading to symptomatic hypocalcemia is not uncommon following a total thyroidectomy and is often associated with significant patient morbidity and a prolonged hospital stay. The current study aimed at evaluating the comparative predictive role of serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) for post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed in 83 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Laboratory data such as serum calcium, vitamin D level, serum iPTH and serum phosphorus levels before surgery, postoperative calcium, and PTH levels measured after 1 and 6 hours and on the first postoperative day (1POD) were recorded. Results: Among the 83 patients, the mean (SD) age was 45.87 (12.57) years (range, 21–72 years); 70 (84.3%) patients were female. Final pathology was benign for 47 (56.6%) patients and malignant for 36 (43.4%) patients. In total, lymph node dissections were performed in 19 subjects (22.9%). On histological examination of the specimens, the parathyroid gland was found to have been removed inadvertently in 13 (15.7%) cases. In total, 35 (40.9%) patients developed hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that a cut-off value of 15.39 pg/ml for iPTH, with a decline rate of 73% 1 hour after thyroidectomy is a significant predictor of hypocalcemia (area under the curve [AUC], 0.878; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–0.96, P<0.0001) compared with calcium Conclusion: The current study showed that the decline rate in iPTH is a more reliable factor for hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy than serum calcium. Patients with a decline rate <73% in iPTH could be discharged at 1POD without supplementation.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9217_36b0742b15d93eee182380b94edf7d88.pdf
Hypocalcemia
Parathyroid hormone
Thyroidectomy
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
247
253
10.22038/ijorl.2017.20443.1694
9218
Original
Treatment of Advanced Carcinoma of the Larynx and Hypopharynx with Laser Followed by External Radiotherapy
Lalee Varghese
laleevarghese@yahoo.co.in
1
John Mathew
mathewj98@gmail.com
2
Subhashini John
subhashini.john@gmail.com
3
Anand Job
anandkjob@gmail.com
4
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Department of Radiotherapy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Introduction: Radical laryngeal surgeries for extensive laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors often require a permanent tracheostomy, which has an immense impact on the quality of life of patients. A minimally invasive technique such as transoral laser microresection (TLM) followed by radiotherapy can preserve the functions of the voice and swallowing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of laser debulking in the treatment of carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx, to evaluate the response of the tumor to subsequent radiotherapy, and also to assess the usefulness of laser in avoiding tracheostomy and functional preservation of the voice and swallowing. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients with carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx unwilling to have definitive surgery and those medically unfit for radical surgery. The clinical profile of patients at presentation, tumor status following laser debulking, immediately after radiotherapy (RT), 6 weeks post RT, 3 months post RT, and at the end of study; short term complications associated with laser surgery; and usefulness of laser in avoiding tracheostomy and in functional preservation of the voice were evaluated. Results: There were 18 (90%) male patients and 2 (10%) female patients. Age ranged from 24 to 78 years with a mean age of 55. Hoarseness of voice was the most frequent presenting complaint (90%) followed by progressive dysphagia (45%), odynophagia (40%), otalgia (40%), and dyspnoea (25%). 11 (55%) patients had T3 tumors, while 6 (30%) were T2, and 3 (15%) were T4 lesions. 65% of patients were free of lymph node metastasis at presentation. 2 (10%) had N1 and 5 (25%) had N2 nodes. At presentation 10 (50%) patients had Stage III disease and 6 (30%) had stage IV disease. 13 patients (65%) had moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. None of the risk factors and co-morbid illnesses showed any statistically significant difference among the tumor sites. Apart from the 2 (10%) patients who had residual disease, 2 (10%) patients developed a recurrent tumor in the course of their follow up. None had neck recurrence. Two patients underwent tracheostomy, before laser surgery, for compromised airway and both had recurrence of their tumor and continued to be on tracheostomy. Conclusion: Laser debulking followed by radiotherapy is a viable alternative in the management of malignancies of the larynx and hypopharynx for those who refuse radical surgery and for those patients in whom radical open surgery is impractical due to physiological reasons such as advanced age and poor pulmonary reserve.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9218_1fe057ddd4096bb8e9a560435df6e2dd.pdf
Hypopharynx
Laser debulking
Larynx
Malignancy
Tracheostomy
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
255
260
10.22038/ijorl.2017.20894.1697
9219
Original
Therapeutic effect of Intra-Tympanic Dexamethasone–Hyaluronic Acid Combination in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Mehrdad Rogha
mrogha@yahoo.com
1
Amin Kalkoo
amin_dr_60@yahoo.com
2
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan. Iran.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan. Iran.
Introduction: Hearing loss is fairly a common disorder which is usually treated with corticosteroids via systemic administration and/or intra-tympanic injection. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of intra-tympanic injections of dexamethasone with its combination with hyaluronic acid in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 40 patients were randomly assigned to two groups; in the first group, 20 patients received 2.4 mg intra-tympanic dexamethasone, while in the second group patients received injections of 2.4 mg of dexamethasone plus 2 mg of hyaluronic acid in combination. Patients in both groups were injected every other day to a total of three injections. The hearing status of patients was evaluated by pure tone audiometry (bone conduction threshold) before and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results: Assessment of hearing threshold before and after treatment in the two groups showed a significant difference between hearing thresholds at frequencies of 4,000 to 8,000 Hz (P<0.001). The difference at other frequencies was not meaningful; however, in general, we found a better therapeutic effect in patients who received the combination of dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid. Conclusion: A combination of dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss may be more effective than dexamethasone alone. Because hyaluronic acid lacks certain side effects, and also makes it possible to reduce the steroid dose, we recommend the use of this combination in the treatment of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9219_fa56d0ca850d0e78c8e404afb559f64e.pdf
Dexamethasone
Hyaluronic acid
Intra tympanic injection
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
261
267
10.22038/ijorl.2017.21392.1715
9213
Original
Head and Neck Lymphoma in an Iranian Population
Nafiseh Shamloo
n_shamloo@yahoo.com
1
Alireza Ghannadan
dermpath101@gmail.com
2
Mahsa Jafari
mjafarie@gmail.com
3
Samane Ahmadi
s_ahmadi@sbmu.ac.ir
4
Hamed Mortazavi
hamedmortazavi2013@gmail.com
5
Maryam Baharvand
m-baharvand@sbmu.ac.ir
6
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dental Student, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dental Student, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: This study is aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of head and neck lymphoma in a defined group of an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 126,450 biopsy reports from two referral Pathology Departments, (Tehran, the capital of Iran) were evaluated. In cases with head and neck lymphoma, other variables such as age, sex, specific location of lesions, and histopathological findings were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the prevalence and characteristics of head and neck lymphoma by means of SPSS soft ware, version 18. Results: In total, 513 (0.4%) cases had head and neck lymphoma (46.9% male, 27.1% female) with a mean age of 46±6.2. Of the total lesions, 200 (0.15%) were Hodgkin lymphoma and 313 (0.25%) were non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Nodular sclerosis was the most common (62.5%) histopathological subtype among Hodgkin lymphoma. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (62.3%) had the highest frequency. In Hodgkin disease, classic Hodgkin lymphocytic rich, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte depletion were only seen in the neck compartment. Bone involvement was only found in Hodgkin nodular lymphocytic predominant variation. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the tongue, palate, and vestibular mucosa were affected only by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Jaw bones were only involved with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma compared to other bony structures. T-cell lymphoma and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma were also found. Conclusion: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma especially in the tongue, palate, vestibular mucosa, and jaw bones.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9213_b392be4a9719c9ecdf40058db7d2b4cf.pdf
Hodgkin Disease
Iran
Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
269
274
10.22038/ijorl.2017.22120.1761
9244
Original
Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Abnormalities in Posterior Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Pilot Study
Tayyebe Fallahnezhad
fallahnezhad.t@gmail.com
1
Mansoureh Adel Ghahraman
madel@tums.ac.ir
2
Saeid Farahani
s_farahani@tums.ac.ir
3
Reza Hoseinabadi
reza1hoseinabadi@yahoo.com
4
Shohreh Jalaie
jalaeish@tums.ac.ir
5
Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), involving the semicircular canals, is one of the most common diseases of the inner ear. The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a new test that examines the function of the canals. This study aimed to investigate the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain, gain asymmetry and saccades after stimulating all six canals in patients definitively diagnosed with posterior semicircular canal BPPV (PSC-BPPV). Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine unilateral PSC-BPPV patients with normal oculographic and caloric results were enrolled in this study. vHIT was performed on six canals, and VOR gain, gain asymmetry and saccades were measured. Results: Sixteen (55.17%) patients had abnormal posterior canal VOR gains in the ipsilesional ear. VOR gains in both horizontal canals were within normal limits. Superior canal VOR gains were mostly lower than normal and were not correlated to PSC abnormalities (P>0.05). No corrective saccades could be observed. Conclusion: VOR gain in the direction of the posterior semicircular canal may be reduced in PSC-BPPV patients. Evaluation of PSC-VOR parameters could be beneficial, although superior canal measurements should be interpreted with caution.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9244_fca339c5c2f728d2d8484f3a517b9ace.pdf
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Head impulse test
Semicircular canals
Vestibulo-ocular reflex
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
275
285
10.22038/ijorl.2017.20786.1692
9245
Original
Pesticide Exposure and Head and Neck Cancers: A Case-Control Study in an Agricultural Region
Maryam Amizadeh
ma74ir@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Safari-Kamalabadi
msafari124@yahoo.com
2
Ghasem Askari-Saryazdi
askarigh@gmail.com
3
Marzieh Amizadeh
amizadehm@tabrizu.ac.ir
4
Hamed Reihani-Kermani
h_reihani@hotmail.com
5
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Plant Protection Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Plant Protection, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Introduction: Causes of head and neck cancers (HNCs) are multifactorial, and few studies have investigated the association between chemical exposure and HNCs. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between HNCs, agricultural occupations, and pesticide exposure. The potential for the accumulation of pesticides in the adipose tissue of patients was also investigated. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on demographics, occupation, and exposure to pesticides in a hospital-based case-control study. Pesticide residue in the adipose tissue of the neck in both cases and controls was also monitored via gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Results: Thirty-one HNC cases were included in this study as well as 32 gender-, age-, and smoking-matched controls. An agricultural occupation was associated with HNC (odds ratio [OR], 3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–9.43) after controlling for age, sex, and smoking. Pesticide exposure was associated with total HNC cases (OR, 7.45; 95% CI, 1.78–3.07) and larynx cancer (OR, 9.33; 95% CI, 1.65–52.68). A dose-response pattern was observed for HNC cases (P=0.06) and larynx cancer (P=0.01). In tracing the pesticide residue, five chlorinated pesticides, namely dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodipheny-ldichloroethane (DDD), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dieldrin, and lindane, were identified in the adipose tissue. Chlorinated pesticide detection was significantly associated with HNC (OR, 3.91; 95% CI 0.9–0.16.9). Conclusion: HNCs were found to be associated with pesticide exposure after controlling for confounders. A high education level was identified as a modifying factor decreasing the risk of HNCs. Further studies with larger number of subjects are recommended to assess these relationships in greater detail.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9245_e2db7a0708d792e8f1b35f9e9bd1c09b.pdf
Agriculture
Head and neck
Organochlorine
Pesticide
Risk Factor
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
287
289
10.22038/ijorl.2016.15277.1543
9246
A Rare Cause of Intranasal Mass: Bilateral Ectopic Nasal Teeth
Hasan emre Koçak
drhekbb@gmail.com
1
Kadir Özdamar
drkadirozdamar@hotmail.com
2
bekir bilgi
bekir.bilgi@hotmail.com
3
Harun Acıpayam
harunacipayam@gmail.com
4
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bakırköy Dr.Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Otolaryngology, Suruc State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
Department of Otolaryngology, Suruc State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bakırköy Dr.Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Introduction: Ectopic teeth occur in a wide variety of sites, including the maxillary sinus, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, orbital, and nasal cavities. Reported symptoms and signs associated with nasal teeth include facial pain, external nasal deformities, foul-smelling rhinorrhea, recurrent epistaxis, and oronasal fistula. Ectopic teeth occurring bilaterally in the nasal cavity is very very rare. Case Report: A bilateral intranasal ectopic teeth case, which is asymptomatic on the right side and symptomatic on the left side, is presented. The tooth on left side was extracted endoscopically. There were no complications. Conclusion: Extraction of an intranasal tooth under endoscopic guidance is an adequate treatment. If the ectopic intranasal tooth is asymptomatic, clinicians should follow with clinical examination and radiological imaging.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9246_64aca38b98be663b2897e8288f3b80fd.pdf
Bilateral
Intranasal
Obstruction
tooth
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
291
294
10.22038/ijorl.2017.10659.1384
9247
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Report of an Unusual Case
Hamid Farhangi
farhangih@mums.ac.ir
1
Mahdi Silanian Toosi
silanianm@mums.ac.ir
2
Seied Ali Alamdaran
alamdarana@mums.ac.ir
3
Sepideh Bagheri
bagheris@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in children. Nasal obstruction, otitis media with effusion, pain in the ear, hearing problems, and unusual neck mass are among the signs and symptoms of this malignancy. Case Report: We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with NPC who later developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) through the course of her disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ALL following childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the English-language literature. Conclusion: Reports of secondary malignancies at the site of radiotherapy for NPC exist, but this is the first report of ALL following NPC.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9247_ba24f92bbf6ea3aa7ca2b62155dd6faf.pdf
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Children
chemotherapy
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Radiotherapy
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
295
297
10.22038/ijorl.2017.18098.1604
9248
Axillary lymph node metastasis in medullary thyroid carcinoma: A case report
Seyed Ziaeddin Rasihashemi
zia.hashemi@yahoo.com
1
Ramin Azhough
azhough@yahoo.com
2
Ali Ramouz
ali.ramouz@gmail.com
3
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of General Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Introduction: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is an uncommon neoplasm originating from parafollicular C cells. Distant metastasis in MTC, such as axillary node involvement, is extremely rare. Case Report: The present study describes a known case of MTC with axillary lymph node metastasis in a 31-year-old woman. In 2010, she underwent total thyroidectomy and right-sided modified radical neck dissection. In May 2015, she was referred with a 3-month history of a mass in the left axilla. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) confirmed MTC in the axillary nodes. Left axillary lymph node dissection was performed and postoperative histopathology revealed metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma in prepared specimens. Conclusion: MTC with axillary lymph node metastasis is a rare condition which has been reported in previous studies to impair patient prognosis. However, in the current case, the patient had no other MTC-related complications subsequent to final lymphadenectomy.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9248_b25ae2009d11ad27c49a63a1a0d3d284.pdf
Lymph node
Metastasis
Neck dissection
Thyroid neoplasms
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
2251-7251
2251-726X
2017-09-01
29
5
299
302
10.22038/ijorl.2017.19366.1656
9249
Polymorphous Low Grade Adenocarcinoma of the Parotid in a Teenager
Divya Khosla
dr_divya_khosla@yahoo.com
1
Shalini Verma
shalini.verma.hp@gmail.com
2
Nitin Gupta
nitinent123@gmail.com
3
Rajpal-S Punia
drpunia@gmail.com
4
Gurbir Kaur
gurbirgill082@yahoo.com
5
Awadhesh-K Pandey
drpandey.chandigarh@gmail.com
6
Kislay Dimri
kdimri@yahoo.co.in
7
Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Abstract Introduction: Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a rare salivary gland neoplasm with an indolent course. It occurs primarily in the minor salivary glands but can rarely occur in the major salivary glands. It usually occurs in the fifth to seventh decades of life with female preponderance. Case Report: A 16-year-old male presented with recurrent painless swelling in the right preauricular region and with a history of surgical intervention at the same site in the past. His histopathology report was suggestive of pleomorphic adenoma. The swelling recurred after one year of excision and a superficial parotidectomy was performed. The detailed histopathological examination was suggestive of Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma. In view of close margins, the patient was given adjuvant radiotherapy. Thirty-three months post-surgery, he is alive and disease-free. We describe a rare case of PLGA of the parotid gland in a teenager with its clinical characteristics, histopathological features, and treatment. Conclusion: The occurrence of PLGA in the parotid gland is rare with only a few cases reported in literature. The diagnosis of PLGA is challenging due to morphological diversity.
https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_9249_bbc9d3d37bda8f73b3a85c5592d243aa.pdf
Adenocarcinoma
Parotid gland
Salivary gland neoplasms
Surgery