<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title></short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2251-7251</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2251-726X</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>0</year>
				<month>0</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>5</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>38</volume>
			<number>3</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Efficacy of Intratympanic versus Systemic Corticosteroids in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Systematic Review</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otologic emergency that typically requires prompt treatment with corticosteroids, administered either systemically or intratympanically. The optimal route for initial therapy remains uncertain due to heterogeneity in efficacy and safety profiles.Materials and Methods:We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2011 and 2025, comparing intratympanic and systemic corticosteroids as primary treatment for SSNHL in adults. Following PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane Handbook guidelines, we screened studies without language restrictions. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the RoB 2.0 tool. Outcomes were synthesized narratively, focusing on changes in pure-tone average (PTA), complete/functional recovery, speech discrimination, and safety. Trials with combination/salvage strategies, adjuncts, or formulation comparisons were synthesized separately.Results:Seventeen RCTs were included. Efficacy results were heterogeneous; however, most studies indicated that intratympanic corticosteroids are at least as effective as systemic therapy. In severe hearing loss, intratympanic treatment achieved higher success rates (up to 70.6%) and greater PTA improvement compared to systemic administration. Adverse events differed by route: systemic corticosteroids were associated with metabolic disturbances, while intratympanic therapy caused localized, self-limiting events. Overall, 47.1% of studies had high risk of bias, and 52.9% showed some concerns.Conclusion:Intratympanic corticosteroids appear to be a non-inferior alternative to systemic steroids for initial SSNHL treatment, with potential advantages in cases of severe hearing loss or systemic contraindications. Nonetheless, methodological limitations across studies warrant cautious interpretation. Future high-quality trials should address efficacy, functional recovery, and safety more rigorously.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Hearing Loss, Sudden, Injection, Intratympanic, Glucocorticoids, Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone</keyword>
				<start_page>137</start_page>
				<end_page>148</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_27776.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Mateo</first_name>
				<middle_name>Andrés</middle_name>
				<last_name>Leal Capacho</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mateo_leal96@hotmail.com</email>
				<code>122112</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Pamplona, Cúcuta, Colombia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Laura</first_name>
				<middle_name>Tatiana</middle_name>
				<last_name>León Suárez</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>leon96t@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122113</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Merly</first_name>
				<middle_name>Lilian</middle_name>
				<last_name>Figueroa Márquez</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>merlyfm2007@hotmail.com</email>
				<code>122114</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Bogotá, Colombia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Jessica</first_name>
				<middle_name>Lizeth</middle_name>
				<last_name>Cuaspa Damian</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>cuaspadamian09@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122115</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Militar Nueva Granada, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Juan</first_name>
				<middle_name>Pablo</middle_name>
				<last_name>Alzate Granados</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>jpag6@hotmail.com</email>
				<code>122116</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Public Health, Nacional University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Francisco</first_name>
				<middle_name>Javier</middle_name>
				<last_name>Gómez Ballesta</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>franciscogomezball@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122117</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>A Systematic Review of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Septoplasty: Pre-operative Prevalence and Post-operative Outcomes</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Systematic Review</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[IntroductionThe relationship between septoplasty and Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) remains controversial despite theoretical links between nasal anatomy and middle ear physiology.Materials and Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Embase up to October 2025 for studies examining ETD in septoplasty candidates. Twenty-eight studies (20 prospective cohorts, 5 retrospective cohorts, 3 RCTs; N≈2,150) met inclusion criteria.Results: Pre-operative ETD prevalence was high: 38-62% by ETDQ-7 questionnaire and 35-65% by tympanometry. Septoplasty significantly improved both subjective symptoms and objective middle ear function, with peak benefits at 3-6 months. Aural fullness showed the most notable improvement. Greater pre-operative ETD severity and posterior septal deviation were associated with more substantial improvement. Transient post-operative worsening occurred in some patients but resolved spontaneously.Conclusions: ETD is a frequent comorbidity in symptomatic deviated nasal septum patients. Septoplasty appears effective for concomitant ETD, supporting routine pre-operative ETD assessment and patient counseling about potential otological benefits. Evidence is moderate-level due to observational study dominance and heterogeneity.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Septoplasty, Deviated nasal septum, Eustachian tube dysfunction, ETDQ-7, Tympanometry, Middle Ear Pressure, Nasal obstruction, Otology</keyword>
				<start_page>149</start_page>
				<end_page>158</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_27777.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Suhaima</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Pulimoottilparambil Saifuddeen</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>suhaimaps@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122121</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Ent Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, 801507.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Effects of Curcumin in Workers with Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Preliminary Report</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Prolonged loud noise exposure causes sensorineural hearing loss through cochlear oxidative stress, requiring heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) for protection. Curcumin boosts antioxidant expression and safeguards the cochlea. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) measures the type of hearing loss and otoacoustic emission (OAE) detects early auditory issues. This study evaluated the impact of Curcumin on noise-exposed workers via PTA, OAE, and HSP70.Materials and Methods: This preliminary study included 54 noise-exposed workers with hearing thresholds ≥26 dB and SNR values &lt;6 dB. Participants were randomized into three noise-exposed groups: placebo (positive control), 500 mg Curcumin, or 1,000 mg Curcumin for 4 weeks. A negative control group of 18 non-exposed workers with normal hearing who received no treatment, served as an external reference only. HSP70 levels, PTA, and OAE were measured before and after intervention in all groups.Results: PTA showed a significant worsening of hearing threshold in the positive control group (p=0.001), significant improvement in Curcumin 500 mg group (p=0.046), in the Curcumin 1,000 mg (p=0.059). OAE revealed substantial worsening of SNR in the positive control group (p&lt;0.001) and significant increase in the Curcumin 500 mg (p&lt;0.05) at 4, 7, 8, and 9 kHz, and in the 1,000 mg groups (p&lt;0.05) at 5, 8, and 9 kHz. HSP70 levels significantly increased in the positive control group (p=0.021), both Curcumin groups showed a non-significant increase.Conclusion: Curcumin was associated with improved hearing thresholds and favorable SNR changes in noise-exposed workers. Changes in HSP70 levels were minimal and not statistically significant in the curcumin groups.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Curcumin, Heat shock protein 70, Noise-induced hearing loss, Pure tone audiometry, Otoacoustic emission</keyword>
				<start_page>159</start_page>
				<end_page>169</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_27780.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Rizky</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Amalia</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rizkykyamalia@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122125</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5 Medan, 20155, INDONESIA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Tengku Siti</first_name>
				<middle_name>Hajar</middle_name>
				<last_name>Haryuna</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>tengkusitihajarharyuna@usu.ac.id</email>
				<code>122126</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5 Medan, 20155, INDONESIA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Indri</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Adriztina</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>adriztina@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>122127</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5 Medan, 20155, INDONESIA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Yuliani</first_name>
				<middle_name>Mardiati</middle_name>
				<last_name>Lubis</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>yuli_fananie@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>122128</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5 Medan, 20155, INDONESIA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Adlin</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Adnan</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>adlinadnan@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122129</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5 Medan, 20155, INDONESIA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Delfitri</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Munir</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>delfitimunir@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122130</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5 Medan, 20155, INDONESIA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Taufik</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ashar</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>taufik.ashar@usu.ac.id</email>
				<code>122134</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Universitas No. 21, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Khalisanni</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Khalid</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sanni@mardi.gov.my</email>
				<code>122135</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Investigation of Hyperacusis in Patients with Tinnitus</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Hyperacusis is defined as a decreased tolerance to common everyday sounds. A numer of the sufferers have tinnitus. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the hyperacusis scores between tinnitus sufferers and people without tinnitus.Materials and Methods: This case-control study had 80 participants (the case group or hyperacusis-tinnitus sufferers =40 and the control group or normal subjects=40). Data were collected using tympanometry, pure tone audiometry, word-in-noise perception test, loudness discomfortable (LDL) test and the Persian-version of the Khalfa hyperacusis questionnaire (HQ). Data analysis was done using independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.Results: In hyperacusis-tinnitus sufferers, the mean scores of hyperacusis (24.17±6.83) were meaningly (p=0.00) more than of normal subjects (8.38±9.16). The causal relations were found between them in terms of hearing loss (P=0.00). The differences among the two groups in terms of hyperacusis scores were significant, in patients over 40 years of age (p=0.01), but not in those under 40 years of age (p=0.06). In hyperacusis-tinnitus sufferers, no causal relationships were found among hyperacusis scores with sex, degree of hearing loss and its type.Conclusion: Hyperacusis is more common in old patients combined tinnitus and hearing loss. Gender, severity and nature of hearing loss are not related to the grade of hyperacusis. A common mechanism of central auditory processing disorder is related to tinnitus and hyperacusis, which can them to occur concomitantly. The complete and careful evaluation of patients with tinnitus and hyperacusis is essential.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Tinnitus, Hyperacusis, Hearing Loss</keyword>
				<start_page>171</start_page>
				<end_page>178</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_27781.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Javaneh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Jahanshahi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>jahansgahi287@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>122136</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Roya</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Najafi Vosough</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>roya.najafivosough@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122137</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Biostatistics, Research Center for Health, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Azade</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mohammad-Amini</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>azadehmohammadamini@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122138</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Seyede Faranak</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Emami</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>faranak_imami@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>122139</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Recurrence and Mortality Prognostic Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study on 350 Adult Patients</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) accounts for the most common types of thyroid cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors associated with recurrence and mortality after thyroidectomy in patients with diagnose of DTC in Hamadan, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 350 patients over 18 years old who underwent total thyroidectomy and ablation with radioactive iodine (RAI)  and had DTC based on pathology and followed up for ten years were studied. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used for determining the risk factors of recurrence and mortality of DTC at a significance level of 0.05. SPSS software (Version 26) was applied to analyze the data.Results:In the present study, 16.6% of the participants were male and 83.4% were female with a mean age of 40.7 ±14.7 years. Recurrence and mortality rates were obtained to be 26.9% and 4.9 %, respectively.  Overall, the risk of recurrence and death was significantly higher in older age, men, smokers, tumors larger than 4 cm and regional lymph node (p&lt;0.05). For each additional year of life, the risk of recurrence and death increased by 4% and 9%, respectively (P =0.001 and p&lt;0.001). Recurrence in men were 5.111 times more likely than women (p&lt;0.001). A 6.002-fold increase in the risk of death was associated with smoking (P=0.008).Conclusion:Due to the high prevalence of DTC and on the other hand the good prognosis of this type of cancer, timely diagnosis and identification of risk factors of   recurrence and death are very important.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Differentiated thyroid cancer, Recurrence, Prognose</keyword>
				<start_page>179</start_page>
				<end_page>187</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_27782.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Hosein</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Rabiei</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>h.rabiei98@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122140</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Amin</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Doosti-Irani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>doostiiraniamin@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122141</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Shiva</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Borzouei</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>borzooeishiva@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>122142</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Evaluation of Factors Associated with Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding in Adults</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[IntroductionPost-tonsillectomy hemorrhage is one of the most common and potentially life-threatening complications of tonsillectomy in adults and may result in readmission or reoperation. Adults are known to have a higher bleeding risk compared with children due to increased inflammation, comorbid factors, and surgical complexity. Identification of factors associated with postoperative bleeding is essential for optimizing surgical technique, postoperative care, and patient counseling.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective case–control study included adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent bilateral tonsillectomy at two tertiary referral hospitals between March 2021 and March 2023. Patients who developed post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage were compared with a matched control group without bleeding. Demographic characteristics, surgical indications, operative variables, and surgeon-related factors were evaluated. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage was defined as any postoperative pharyngeal bleeding confirmed by an otolaryngologist.ResultsAmong 350 adult tonsillectomies, post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage occurred in 54 patients (15.4%), predominantly secondary bleeding. In multivariate analysis, halitosis (p&lt;0.001), chronic recurrent tonsillitis (p=0.001), sleep disturbances (p=0.001), use of sutures during the primary procedure (p=0.002), and surgeon experience (p=0.013) were independently associated with post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Tonsillolith showed a borderline association (p=0.054), while body mass index was not significant (p=0.748). No significant differences were observed in age, sex, smoking status, tonsillar hypertrophy grade, or operative duration (p&gt;0.05). Most bleeding episodes occurred spontaneously (59.3%), and bleeding resolved without surgical intervention in 66.7% of cases.ConclusionSeveral patient- and surgery-related factors were associated with post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in adults. Recognition of these associations may aid in perioperative risk assessment and postoperative management.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Tonsillectomy, Hemorrhage, Tonsillitis, Adult</keyword>
				<start_page>189</start_page>
				<end_page>196</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_27783.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Masoud</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Janipour</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>masood.janipoor@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122146</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Otolaryngology Research Centre, Department of Otolaryngology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Fatemeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Keshavarz</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>fatemekz2020@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122147</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Otolaryngology Research Centre, Department of Otolaryngology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Amirhossein</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Babaei</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>babaei93@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>122148</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Otolaryngology Research Centre, Department of Otolaryngology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Novel Case of Bilateral Posterior Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo with Asymmetric Mechanisms: Left Cupulolithiasis and Right Short-Arm Canalolithiasis</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Case Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) involving multiple semicircular canals (MC-BPPV) is an uncommon variant in which otoconia dislodged from the utricular macula migrate into two or more canals, provoking brief vertigo episodes with positional changes. The single-canal variant predominates, most often affecting the posterior canal, followed by the horizontal and anterior canals. MC-BPPV typically presents with ipsilateral or contralateral posterior-horizontal canal combinations, while atypical posterior canal variants are rarer and require careful nystagmus evaluation during positional testing.Case Report:A 62-year-old man presented with a one-day history of vertigo triggered by rising from the supine position, along with retropulsion and vertigo during transitions to lateral recumbent positions. Standard right Dix-Hallpike test (DHT) and right half DHT were unremarkable. Augmented right half-DHT elicited persistent upbeat right-torsional nystagmus; a negative inversion test indicated right short-arm posterior canalolithiasis. Left half-DHT evoked persistent left torsional upbeating nystagmus that reversed to downbeating nystagmus with a subtle right-torsional component on right lateral rolling nose-down, consistent with left posterior cupulolithiasis. The Bascule maneuver was used to treat the left ear, and the prone pitch-and-yaw maneuver was used to treat the right ear. Follow-up showed conversion of left posterior cupulolithiasis to typical canalolithiasis, which resolved with the Epley maneuver, resulting in complete symptom remission.Conclusions:This case highlights the importance of comprehensive positional testing and mechanism-specific therapeutic maneuvers for successful management of atypical bilateral MC-BPPV. ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Multi-canal BPPV, Cupulolithiasis, Canalolithiasis, Posterior semicircular canal, Positional nystagmus</keyword>
				<start_page>197</start_page>
				<end_page>201</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_27784.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Shreya</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Vats</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>shreyavats16@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122149</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Clinical Vestibulology Observer, Otoneurology Centre, 6-A, Block-B, Shikarbadi, Udaipur-313001, Rajasthan, India.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ajay</first_name>
				<middle_name>Kumar</middle_name>
				<last_name>Vats</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>vatsneuro@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122150</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Consultant Neurophysician, ShantiRaj Hospital Kesar Kunj, New Bhupal Pura, Udaipur, India.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Sudhir</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Kothari</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sudhirkothari@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122151</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Neurology, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Metastatic Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma to the Temporal Bone: A Case Report and Literature Review</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Case Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction: Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare malignancy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, with highly aggressive behaviour. Although a multimodal strategy is considered the standard treatment approach, recurrence remains common both locally and at distant metastatic sites. Temporal bone metastases represent a rare entity, with patients primarily manifesting otologic symptoms.  Breast, lung, and prostate cancers are the most common primary malignancies associated with temporal bone metastases, whereas no cases originating from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses have previously been reported. Herein, we report a unique case of metastatic SNUC to the temporal bone, presented with facial nerve paralysis.  A brief descriptive review of all cases of distant metastases in SNUC is also reported. Case Report:We report the case of a patient with SNUC who developed temporal bone recurrence three years after trimodal treatment (induction chemotherapy, surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy) performed with good oncological outcome. Moreover, we retrospectively reviewed our case series of patients surgically treated for sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma from 2006 to 2023 and we also performed a search of the literature from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 2024. Conclusion: The incidence of recurrent metastasis from SNUC disease in patients treated surgically is variable. This case report represents the first case of SNUC metastasis on the temporal bone, highlighting the rare occurrence of a middle ear recurrence after multimodal treatment. Despite its rarity, temporal bone metastasis should be considered in oncological patients presenting with facial palsy or other persistent otologic symptoms. ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma, SNUC, Metastasis, Facial Nerve, Facial paralysis, Temporal bone, Mastoid</keyword>
				<start_page>203</start_page>
				<end_page>208</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_27785.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Monti</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Giulia</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>giuliamonti2403@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122152</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Daniela</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Parrino</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>daniela.parrino@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122153</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Lambertoni</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Alessia</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>alessia.lambertoni@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122154</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Gianluca</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Dalfino</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>gianluca.dalfino@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122155</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di
Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Giorgio</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Sileo</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sileo.giorgio@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122156</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Alberto Daniele</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Arosio</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>albertodaniele.arosio@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122157</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Maurizio</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Bignami</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>maurizio.bignami@uninsubria.it</email>
				<code>122158</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.
Head and Neck Surgery &amp; Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS&amp;FDRc), Department of Biotechnology</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>