Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

Remodeling Factors, Transcription Factors and Angiogenetic Factors in Cholesteatoma in Ontogenetic Aspect

Document Type : Original

Authors
Kristaps Dambergs 1
Gunta Sumeraga 1
Māra Pilmane 2
1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia.
2 Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV–1010 Riga, Latvia.
10.22038/ijorl.2021.53716.2842
Abstract
Introduction:
The main goal of our study was to describe the transcription factor (NF-κβ), angiogenetic factor (VEGF), and remodeling markers (MMP-9 and TIMP-4) of the cholesteatoma tissue compared to control skin tissue. There are still uncertainties how transcription, angiogenetic and remodeling factors affect the cholesteatoma course.
 
Materials and Methods:
Eight cholesteatoma tissue specimens were retrieved from children, seven – from adults, seven skin controls – from cadavers. Obtained material immunohistochemically were stained for NF-κβ, MMP-9, TIMP-4, VEGF. Non-para­metric statistic methods were used.
 
Results:
A statistically significant higher numbers of NF-κβ and TIMP-4 immunoreactive cells in the cholesteatoma compared to control group. A very strong positive correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-4 was seen in the patient group. A strong positive correlation - between MMP-9 in matrix and MMP-9, VEGF in perimatrix, between TIMP-4 in matrix and TIMP-4 in perimatrix, NF-κβ in the matrix and VEGF; between TIMP-4 in perimatrix and NF-κβ in the matrix.
 
Conclusions:
Correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-4 suggests that TIMP-4 in cholesteatoma tissue intercorrelates to MMP-9. TIMP-4 likely regulates the development of cholesteatoma. Disbalance between MMPs and TIMPs affects NF-κβ and causes uncontrolled cell proliferation and immune response in this tumor. There is a lack of VEGF strong expression in cholesteatoma perimatrix.
 
Keywords
Cholesteatoma
Transcription factor
Metalloproteases
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Volume 34, Issue 2
March and April 2022
Pages 71-81