Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

Correlation Between Indoxyl Sulfate in Chronic Kidney Disease and Olfactory Dysfunction

Document Type : Original

Authors
Irnanda Warda Rizki Nasution 1
Tengku Siti Hajar Haryuna 1
Delfitri Munir 1
Syafrizal Nasution 2
Putri Chairani Eyanoer 3
Siti Nursiah 1
Ramlan Sitompul 1
1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan 20155, INDONESIA
3 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera, Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.
10.22038/ijorl.2024.77737.3632
Abstract
Introduction:
Olfactory dysfunction is prevalent among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with prevalence escalating alongside disease severity. The uremic toxin we observed in this study is Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a potent uremic toxin that markedly accumulates in the plasma of patients with chronic insufficiency. Olfactory damage may occur in the setting of neuronal damage due to renal failure.
 
Materials and Methods:
27 patients, a total sample in this study with diagnosed chronic kidney disease within stage 5 on regular hemodialysis, were examined for indoxyl sulfate levels in blood plasma and then examined for their olfactory function using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. A correlation analysis was conducted between indoxyl sulfate levels and olfactory function test results in patients with CKD.
 
Results:
The Pearson correlation test revealed a strong, significant negative correlation between indoxyl sulfate levels and olfactory function (r = -0.613; p = 0.001). Additionally, correlations were found between indoxyl sulfate levels and each component of olfactory function: threshold value (r = -0.408; p = 0.035), discrimination (r = -0.807; p = 0.001), and identification (r = -0.703; p = 0.001).
 
Conclusion:
Olfactory function is compromised in individuals with chronic renal disease and correlates with the level of accumulation of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate.
Keywords
Chronic kidney disease
Indoxyl sulfate
Olfactory dysfunction
Sniffin’ stick test Received date: 18 Mar 2024
Subjects
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Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Volume 37, Issue 1
January and February 2025
Pages 19-25