Prevalence of Associated Anomalies in Cleft Lip and/or Palate Patients

Document Type : Original

Authors

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction:
Orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital anomalies. Patients presenting with orofacial clefts often require surgery or other complex procedures. A cleft lip or palate can be a single anomaly or a part of multiple congenital anomalies. The reported prevalence of cleft disease and associated anomalies varies widely across the literature, and is dependent on the diagnostic procedure used. In this study we determined the prevalence of associated anomalies in patients with a cleft lip and/or palate, with a specific focus on cardiac anomalies.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 526 patients with a cleft lip and /or palate admitted to the children’s referral hospital between 2006 and 2011 were evaluated. All associated anomalies were detected and recorded. Patient information collected included age, gender, type and side of cleft, craniofacial anomalies and presence of other anomalies, including cardiac anomalies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.
 
Results:
Of the 526 patients enrolled in the study, 58% (305) were male and 42% (221) were female. In total, 75% of patients (396) were aged between 4 and 8 years and 25% (130) were aged less than 4 years. The most common cleft type in our study was bilateral cleft palate. The most commonly associated anomaly among cleft patients, in 12% of cleft patients, was a cardiac anomaly. The most common cardiac anomaly was atrial septal defect (ASD).
 
Conclusion: 
The prevalence of associated anomalies among orofacial cleft patients is high. The most common associated anomaly is cardiac anomaly, with ASD being the most common cardiac anomaly. There are no significant relationships between type of cleft and associated cardiac anomalies.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Tolarová M, Cervenka J. Classification and Birth Prevalence of Orofacial Cleft. Am J Med Genet 1998;75: 126–37.
2. Stoll C, Alembik Y, Dott B, Roth MP. Epidemiological and genetic study in 207 cases of oral clefts in Alsace, north-eastern France. J Med Genet 1991; 28(5): 325–9.
3. Rittler M, López-Camelo J, Castilla EE, Bermejo E, Cocchi G, Correa A, et al. Preferential associations between oral clefts and other major congenital anomalies. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2008; 45(5): 525–32.
4. Natsume N, Niimi T, Furukawa H, Kawai T  Ogi N, Suzuki Y, et al. Survey of congenital anomalies associated with cleft lip and/or palate in 701,181 Japanese people. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 91(2):157–61.
5. Sárközi A, Wyszynski D, Czeizel AE. Oral clefts with associated anomalies: Findings in the Hungarian Congenital abnormality Registry. BMC Oral Health 2005; 5:4.
6. Aljohar A, Ravichandran K, Subhani S. Pattern of cleft lip and palate in hospital-based population in Saudi Arabia: Retrospective study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2008; 45(6):592–6.
7. Stoll C, Alembik Y, Dott B, Roth MP. Associated malformations in cases with oral clefts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2000; 37(1):41–7.
8. Mirfazeli A, Kaviany N, Hosseinpour KR, Golalipour MJ. Incidence of cleft lip and palate in Gorgan – Northern Iran: An epidemiological study. Oman Med J 2012; 27(6): 461–4.
9. Kim S, Kim WJ, Oh C, Kim JC. Cleft lip and palate incidence among the live births in the Republic of Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2002; 17:49–52.
10. Pavri S, Forrest CR. Demographics of orofacial clefts in Canada from 2002 to 2008. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2013; 50(2):224–30.
11. Calzolari E1 Pierini A, Astolfi G, Bianchi F, Neville AJ, Rivieri F. Associated anomalies in multi- malformed infants with cleft and palate: An epidemiologic study of nearly 6 million births in 23 EUROCAT registries. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A: 528­–37.
12. Milerad J, Larson O, Hagberg C, Ideberg M. Associated malformations in infants with cleft lip and palate: A prospective, population-based study. Pediatrics 1997;100(2):180–6.
13. Geis N, Seto B, Bartoshesky L, Lewis MB, Pashayan HM. The prevalence of congenital heart disease among the population of a metropolitan cleft lip and palate clinic. Cleft Palate J 1981;18(1):19–23.
 14. Sárközi A1, Wyszynski DF, Czeizel AE. Oral clefts with associated anomalies: findings in
the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry. BMC Oral Health 2005; 5:4.
15. Sun T, Tian H, Wang C, Yin P, Zhu Y, Chen X, Tang Z. A survey of congenital heart disease and other organic malformations associated with different types of orofacial clefts in Eastern China. PloS One. Epub 2013; 8: e54726.
16. Barbosa MM, Rocha CMG, Katina T, Caldas M, Codorniz A, Medeiros C. Prevalence of congenital heart diseases in oral cleft patients. Pediatr Cardiol 2003; 24:369–74.
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Volume 28, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
March and April 2016
Pages 135-139

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics